fulled covering

cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)

Lit.

In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):

cogantur (oves) intro,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf.

pecus,

id. ib. 3, 20:

oves stabulis,

id. ib. 6, 85:

nubes in unum locum,

Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734:

oleam,

to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9:

talenta ad quindecim Coëgi,

received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30:

Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.:

multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium,

id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304:

concilium Hypatam,

Liv. 36, 26, 1:

bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1:

copias in unum locum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.:

exercitum in unum,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:

multitudinem in unum,

Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

in classem,

Liv. 36, 3, 5:

milites in provinciam,

id. 43, 15, 7:

exercitum Dyrrhachium,

Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.:

ad militiam aliquos,

id. J. 85, 3:

acies in proelia,

Verg. A. 9, 463:

auxilia undique,

id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate:

quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.:

dum senatus cogeretur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā,

id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator:

cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer?

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.:

ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes,

contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt:

quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur,

id. 5, 14, 9.—

Esp.

Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:

mella frigore (opp. calore remittere),

Verg. G. 4, 36:

lac in duritiam,

Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666:

fel sole,

Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116:

liquorem in nivem,

id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly:

coacta alvus,

hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so,

vestis coacta,

fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —

Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:

saltus in arctas coactus fauces,

Liv. 22, 15, 11.—

Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—

Trop.

In gen.:

hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.),

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:

me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,

have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:

in eam desperationem, ut,

Suet. Caes. 20:

verba in alternos pedes,

i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq.,

Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).

With acc.:

coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36:

vis cogendae militiae,

Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—

With inf:

omnia vertere,

Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837:

mori me,

Verg. E. 2, 7:

plerasque ad officium redire,

Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2:

neque cogi pugnare poterat,

id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—

With ut:

vi coepi cogere ut rediret,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—

With ad:

ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes,

Nep. Them. 4, 4:

ad lacrimas,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57:

ad proelia,

Verg. A. 12, 581:

Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere,

Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—

With in:

in lacrimas,

Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23;

Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem,

Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—

With acc.

With double acc.:

cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid,

Quint. 11, 1, 22:

quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44:

quod sua quemque mala cogebant,

Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6:

cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno,

to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10:

quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames!

Verg. A. 3, 56.—

With acc. of the thing:

ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret,

Nep. Att. 22, 2:

quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet,

Vell. 2, 81, 1:

adulterium,

Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—

Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:

ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—

Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;

v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus,

Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.:

sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen,

Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence,

coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin. —

coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:

quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret,

Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3:

lacrimae,

Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—

coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence), [p. 363]

Shortly, quickly:

coactius quid factum et festinantius,

Gell. 10, 11, 8.—

Accurately, strictly:

coactius interpretari verbum,

Gell. 19, 2.—

In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al.

cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)

Lit.

In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):

cogantur (oves) intro,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf.

pecus,

id. ib. 3, 20:

oves stabulis,

id. ib. 6, 85:

nubes in unum locum,

Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734:

oleam,

to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9:

talenta ad quindecim Coëgi,

received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30:

Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.:

multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium,

id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304:

concilium Hypatam,

Liv. 36, 26, 1:

bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1:

copias in unum locum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.:

exercitum in unum,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:

multitudinem in unum,

Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

in classem,

Liv. 36, 3, 5:

milites in provinciam,

id. 43, 15, 7:

exercitum Dyrrhachium,

Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.:

ad militiam aliquos,

id. J. 85, 3:

acies in proelia,

Verg. A. 9, 463:

auxilia undique,

id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate:

quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.:

dum senatus cogeretur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā,

id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator:

cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer?

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.:

ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes,

contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt:

quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur,

id. 5, 14, 9.—

Esp.

Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:

mella frigore (opp. calore remittere),

Verg. G. 4, 36:

lac in duritiam,

Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666:

fel sole,

Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116:

liquorem in nivem,

id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly:

coacta alvus,

hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so,

vestis coacta,

fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —

Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:

saltus in arctas coactus fauces,

Liv. 22, 15, 11.—

Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—

Trop.

In gen.:

hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.),

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:

me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,

have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:

in eam desperationem, ut,

Suet. Caes. 20:

verba in alternos pedes,

i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq.,

Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).

With acc.:

coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36:

vis cogendae militiae,

Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—

With inf:

omnia vertere,

Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837:

mori me,

Verg. E. 2, 7:

plerasque ad officium redire,

Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2:

neque cogi pugnare poterat,

id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—

With ut:

vi coepi cogere ut rediret,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—

With ad:

ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes,

Nep. Them. 4, 4:

ad lacrimas,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57:

ad proelia,

Verg. A. 12, 581:

Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere,

Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—

With in:

in lacrimas,

Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23;

Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem,

Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—

With acc.

With double acc.:

cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid,

Quint. 11, 1, 22:

quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44:

quod sua quemque mala cogebant,

Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6:

cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno,

to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10:

quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames!

Verg. A. 3, 56.—

With acc. of the thing:

ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret,

Nep. Att. 22, 2:

quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet,

Vell. 2, 81, 1:

adulterium,

Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—

Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:

ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—

Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;

v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus,

Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.:

sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen,

Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence,

coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin. —

coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:

quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret,

Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3:

lacrimae,

Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—

coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence), [p. 363]

Shortly, quickly:

coactius quid factum et festinantius,

Gell. 10, 11, 8.—

Accurately, strictly:

coactius interpretari verbum,

Gell. 19, 2.—

In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al.

tŏga, ae, f. [tego], a covering, garment.

In gen. (ante-class. and rare): praeterea quod in lecto togas ante habebant; ante enim olim fuit commune vestimentum et diurnum et nocturnum et muliebre et virile, Varr. ap. Non. 541, 2:

incinctā togā,

Afran. ib. 540, 33; cf.

comic.: ne toga cordylis, ne paenula desit olivis,

Mart. 13, 1, 1. —

A roofing, roof:

(toga) dicitur et tectum,

Non. 406, 21. —

In partic., the outer garment of a Roman citizen in time of peace, long, broad, and flowing, and consisting of a single piece of stuff; the toga or gown.

Lit.:

sed quod pacis est insigne et otii toga,

Cic. Pis. 30, 73:

quem tenues decuere togae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 32:

ima,

Quint. 11, 3, 139:

pexa,

Mart. 2, 44, 1:

rasa,

id. 2, 88, 4: toga praetexta, the toga of magistrates and free-born children, ornamented with purple; v. praetexo: toga pura, the unornamented toga of youth who had laid aside the praetexta:

Ciceroni meo togam puram cum dare Arpini vellem,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 1; 5, 20, 9; 7, 8, 5;

called more freq. virilis,

id. Sest. 69, 144; id. Phil. 2, 18, 44; Liv. 26, 19, 5; Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 2; and:

toga libera,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 132; Ov. F. 3, 771; cf.:

a patre ita eram deductus ad Scaevolam sumptā virili togā,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

toga picta,

worn by a victor in his triumph, Liv. 10, 7, 9; 30, 15, 11; Flor. 1, 5, 6:

purpurea,

worn by kings, Liv. 27, 4, 11; 31, 11, 12: candida, the toga worn by candidates for office, made of white fulled cloth; v. candidus: pulla, the dark-gray toga of mourners; v. pullus; cf. Becker, Gallus, 3, p. 107 sq.; 2, pp. 55 and 74 sq. (2d edit.).—

Transf.

As a designation for peace:

ex quo genere haec sunt, Liberum appellare pro vino, campum pro comitiis, togam pro pace, arma ac tela pro bello,

Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167: cedant arma togae, id. poët. Off. 1, 22, 77; id. Pis. 30, 73:

vir omnibus belli ac togae dotibus eminens,

Vell. 1, 12, 3; Tert. Pall. 5.—Also of the Roman national character; hence, togae oblitus, forgetful of Rome, Hor. C. 3, 5, 10.—

As, in the times of the emperors, the toga went more and more out of use, and became almost exclusively the garment of clients, poet. for a client:

eheu quam fatuae sunt tibi Roma togae,

Mart. 10, 18, 4; 10, 47, 5; cf. Plin. Pan. 65; Flor. 4, 12, 32. —

As women of loose character were not allowed to wear the proper female garment (the stola), and assumed the toga, poet. for a prostitute: si tibi cura togae est [p. 1876] potior pressumque quasillo Scortum, Tib. 4, 10, 3.